Horcott Quarry, Fairford and Arkell's Land, Kempsford

Excavations in advance of gravel quarrying in the upper Thames Valley at Horcott Quarry, Fairford and nearby Arkell's land, Kempsford, revealed contrasting pictures. At Horcott, on the second terrace, there was periodic activity from the early Mesolithic onwards. A major earlier Iron Age settelment contained roundhouses and at least 135 four-post structures, suggesting an exceptional focus on grain storage. An early-middle Roman farmstead incorporated a small stone-founded building, while from cAD250-350 a large cemetery lay in an adjacent enclosure. Two further groups of burials were contemproary with a substantial Anglo-Saxon settlement including a timber hall and 33 sunken-featured buildings. By contrast, at Arkell's land, on the first terrace, activity on a significant scale only began in the later 1st century AD. It comprised enclosures, field systems and trackways, with the most intensive settlement, as at Horcott, in the middle Roman period. The site was probably linked to an adjacent estate centre at Claydon Pike. There was no post-Roman occupation.