Biological Weathering and the Environment of the Earth

This book introduces the concept of 'biological weathering.' Weathering, especially chemical weathering, has been recognized as one of the most important processes on Earth because it influences the circulation of elements, including carbon. Weathering has almost always been considered an abiotic process. The book describes the author's experiments, proving that plant involvement in weathering is a strategy for plants to ingest nutrients from rocks. It is also shown through cultivation experiments and observation of natural diatoms that diatoms and silica obligate plankton dissolve silicate minerals and incorporate silicon and other elements into their frustules. The weathering reaction has also been successfully applied to the previously unexplained relationship between carbon and silica in the ocean's interior. Readers of this book will gain a comprehensive understanding of weathering as a reaction catalyzed by both plants and plankton, occurring not only on land but also ubiquitously in the earth's environment, including the ocean's interior. This new and novel perspective has significant implications for various scientific fields, including biology, marine chemistry, environmental, and paleoenvironmental sciences. The author underscores the immediate relevance of these findings to pressing issues surrounding atmospheric CO2. The book concludes with a proposal for an efficient and safe method to sequester CO2 in the atmosphere into the ocean interior, offering a practical solution to a global challenge. The target audience for this book includes students and researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, geochemistry, environment and plant sciences, atmospheric sciences, and Geo-industries.